The process of autophagy, in which unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components are degraded, is important to prevent accumulation of cellular waste and can be triggered by cellular stress.
Structure of the endosomal Vps34 complex II reveals insights into its function
A fundamental protection mechanism against formalin in mammals is revealed
Formaldehyde, or formalin, is well known to all of us as a common chemical used in many industrial processes and also as a preservative, remarkably we also produce formaldehyde in our bodies. This “endogenous” formaldehyde is ubiquitous, and sufficient amounts might be produced that could damage our cells.
Effects of caffeine on the human circadian clock
New research by John O’Neill, in the LMB’s Cell Biology Division, and Kenneth Wright, at the University of Colorado, has revealed the mechanism by which caffeine affects the human body clock. The body’s internal clock affects many aspects of human health and disease, such as when we feel sleepy, how we metabolise food, and even when in the day we observe the best athletic and cognitive performance.
Atomic resolution of gamma-secretase – another milestone for structure determination by cryo-EM
The atomic structure of the 170 kDa membrane protein gamma-secretase, a membrane protein complex that has an important role in Alzheimer’s disease, has been solved using single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) by Sjors Scheres’ group in the LMB’s Structural Studies Division. This demonstrates for the first time that high-resolution reconstruction of such small molecules can be achieved using cryo-EM.
Stop codons: a decoding puzzle decoded
New research from the LMB’s Cell Biology and Structural Studies Divisions has answered a long-standing problem in molecular biology: how does the ribosome decode the signals to stop protein synthesis? In cells, all proteins are produced by ribosomes that ‘read’ messenger RNA (mRNA) one codon, or three nucleotides, at a time. Protein translation terminates when a ribosome reaches one of three nucleotide sequences that encode for stop codons.
New body clock regulatory pathway discovered
In a long-standing collaborative effort, groups at MRC Harwell, the LMB, and the University of Oxford have discovered a new genetic mechanism in the circadian body clock that could have important implications for research in mental health and psychiatric disease. Biological clocks run in all our cells, controlling the timing of a number of crucial daily body functions such as core body temperature, hormone production and brain wave activity.